Long before pumpkins, there was Samhain. It closes the harvest season that Mabon, the fall equinox festival, opened, and carries us from the light into the dark.
Where does it come from, what really happened that night, how did it become Halloween, and how can you honor it at home this year? Let me take you to the other side of the veil. 🕯️
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What Is Samhain? The Origins of the Celtic Festival
Samhain (pronounced “SOW-in”) marks the end of the Celtic year and the passage from the light half of the year to the dark half. It runs from the evening of October 31 to November 1: for the Celts, the day began at nightfall, and Julius Caesar already noted that the Gauls counted time in nights.
It is one of the four great Gaelic festivals, along with Imbolc, Beltane and Lughnasadh. In Ireland and Scotland, herds came down from the summer pastures, the harvest was in, and people prepared for winter. The word has stayed: in Irish, Samhain is still the name of the month of November.
The festival is very old: the Gaulish Coligny calendar, engraved in bronze in the 2nd century, already marks “the three nights of Samon” (trinox Samoni).
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From the 9th century on, Irish texts make it the time of great gatherings, such as the Feast of Tara presided over by the High King. Its name keeps its mystery: some read “summer's end” in it, others “assembly”, perhaps the gathering of the living and the dead.
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